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Outstanding Female Leader in Ophthalmology | Mar/Apr '20

Outstanding Female Leader: Liliana Werner, MD, PhD

Dr. Werner is a Professor of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences and Codirector of the Intermountain Ocular Research Center at the John A. Moran Eye Center, University of Utah, in Salt Lake City.

1. Please share with us your background.

I am originally from the state of Minas Gerais in Brazil, a region of mountains and coffee plantations. After medical school and ophthalmology residency in Brazil, I moved to Paris for a retina fellowship at Hôtel-Dieu de Paris. After 2 years, I was approached by one of the professors of the ophthalmology department about a PhD program that included a project on surface modification of IOLs. That was my first in-depth experience with research, and it felt perfect for me.

Upon finishing my 4-year PhD program in Paris, my thesis director suggested I spend a year in the laboratory of David J. Apple, MD, in Charleston, South Carolina. Six months into the fellowship, David was diagnosed with cancer, and I was invited to stay longer, obtaining the status of Visiting Assistant Professor. After 3.5 years in Charleston, we moved the laboratory back to Salt Lake City, where David’s work on IOLs had started, together with Randall Olson, MD. I have been at the Moran Eye Center since 2002, where I codirect the Intermountain Ocular Research Center with Nick Mamalis, MD, and became a full tenured professor in 2016. Between 2006 and 2008, I commuted between Salt Lake City and Berlin, Germany, where I was the Director of Preclinical Research at the Berlin Eye Research Institute. I returned full time to the Moran Eye Center in 2008 and, since then, have had the honor of occupying the office that belonged to Dr. Apple when he was faculty.

No one gets anywhere in life on his or her own, and I have many people to thank, including numerous mentors and especially my parents. My father, Heron, was a physician himself, and my mother, Nilma, is an artist. They always valued a good education and therefore gave me tremendous support throughout all of these years.

2. What is the focus of your current research?

My research centers on the interaction between ocular tissues and IOL designs, materials, and surface modifications. These include lenses implanted after cataract surgery, phakic lenses for refractive surgery, and ophthalmic implantable devices in general.

In our laboratory, we perform three main types of work on a daily basis. We conduct a significant number of in vivo preclinical studies in the rabbit model, and we are currently evaluating the uveal and capsular biocompatibility of new IOL materials and designs, including accommodating, modular, adjustable, and drug-eluting lenses. We also perform ex vivo studies using human eyes obtained postmortem to evaluate new implantable devices and surgical techniques or surgical equipment, and we assess the biocompatibility of IOLs in pseudophakic donor eyes. A significant part of our work involves the analyses of IOLs and other implantable ocular devices that have been explanted from patients due to various complications. To conduct these analyses, we frequently use various techniques, including histochemistry, surface analytical methods, and histopathology.

3. What has your experience been collaborating with industry?

Collaborating with industry has generally been a positive experience, and I find this partnership to be very important, especially for patients. As researchers, we have the opportunity to evaluate industry’s ideas, projects, or prototypes in different preclinical studies and to provide feedback that can be used to improve a final product. At my institution, we collaborate with a large number of IOL manufacturers in the United States and abroad. This collaboration is of the utmost importance to our analyses of lenses explanted due to different complications, as we must often trace the history of particular lenses or manufacturing conditions to understand the problem(s) leading to explantation. Further, industry usually employs excellent scientists, from whom I always end up learning.

4. In your opinion, how is the role of women in ophthalmology evolving?

In general, the role of women in the professional arena is evolving constantly, and we are in a much better place than we were a few decades ago. Despite the increasing number of women in medical schools and residency programs, we still do not see the same proportion of women in leadership roles or at the podium. However, the situation is changing, thanks to many leaders in academia, private practices, and industry, including men who make a point to maintain a good balance in the workplace, professional societies, or scientific programs. There is an ongoing cultural evolution (albeit slow, especially in some societies), with more women having roles that were previously reserved for men and becoming comfortable with this leadership. Starting this year, I will be the first woman to become an associate editor for the Journal of Cataract & Refractive Surgery. I believe that future generations will not face the same professional difficulties that women face today.

5. What, if any, hurdles do you feel women in health care still face?

There are still some hurdles related to cultural assumptions. Not only in health care but also in other professional areas, women with career ambitions may be perceived as aggressive. This is interesting because some women still feel they must work more than their male counterparts to prove themselves and earn a similar amount of professional recognition. Additionally, there is still an assumption that women do not feel comfortable being in the professional “limelight” and that they are happier in supporting roles, as this allows them to have more flexibility around motherhood. The aforementioned issues may contribute to the gender pay gap that still very much exists. However, it is certainly becoming more commonplace to see women having leadership positions in professional societies, speaking from the podium, etc.

In this era of the #MeToo movement, we also recognize that women are more likely to experience sexual harassment in the workplace. A national survey of mostly female ophthalmologists and ophthalmology trainees showed that 59% had experienced sexual harassment during their careers, most commonly in training. Of the ophthalmologists who reported experiencing sexual harassment, 45% had been harassed by patients. These facts led to the creation of an interesting toolkit for responding to patient-initiated verbal sexual harassment, developed by professionals in the Department of Ophthalmology at the University of Iowa as part of a training program for ophthalmology faculty and trainees.

6. What advice can you offer to young female ophthalmologists who are still in training or just beginning their careers?

Get to know yourself to understand what makes YOU happy professionally, whether it is research or clinical and/or surgical work. Then, surround yourself with mentors who will help you to achieve your career goals and people who will support you as you strive to accomplish them.

Personally, I believe we all possess different definitions of happiness; therefore, it is important to not allow ourselves and our goals to be influenced by others or to be dictated by what society considers acceptable. The perfect balance between professional life and personal life (if it even exists) is different for each person. The timeline for achievements varies too, and if your priorities need to change at least temporarily due to specific circumstances in certain seasons of life, it does not mean that your initial career goals must be abandoned. If having a family is part of your plan for happiness, choose a partner who supports your goals.

I have also found it valuable to remain as open as possible to opportunities that show up along the way. For a while, I was certain that I wanted to pursue a career in retina, and then I encountered an unexpected opportunity to work in research related to IOLs and other ocular implantable devices—I am still so happy that I adapted my life plans accordingly!

7. Can you propose a unique or creative idea that may help women in ophthalmic practices?

We cannot overemphasize the importance of networking with other women and sharing life experiences. This can, of course, be done in an informal manner, with family members, friends, and colleagues. However, there are also organizations designed to empower women, and it may be valuable to become a member and/or to participate in the activities and opportunities they provide. There are such organizations specifically created for women in ophthalmology (eg, Women in Ophthalmology) as well as ophthalmology meetings with all-female organizing committees and ample opportunities for women to present (eg, Envision Summit). Other organizations include women in different professions to help members promote themselves and/or their businesses through networking, branding, social media, and marketing (eg, P.O.W.E.R.).

PUBLISHED WORKS

1. Balendiran V, Werner L, Ellis N, et al. Uveal and capsular biocompatibility of a new hydrophobic acrylic microincision intraocular lens. J Cataract Refract Surg. 2020;46(3):459-464.

2. Ellis N, Werner L, Balendiran V, et al. Posterior capsule opacification prevention by an intraocular lens incorporating a micropatterned membrane on the posterior surface. J Cataract Refract Surg. 2020;46(1):102-107.

3. Moshirfar M, Buckner B, Rosen DB, et al. Visual prognosis after explantation of a corneal shape-changing hydrogel inlay in presbyopic eyes. Med Hypothesis Discov Innov Ophthalmol. 2019;8(3):139-144.

4. Filipe HP, Bozukova D, Pimenta A, et al. Moxifloxacin-loaded acrylic intraocular lenses: In vitro and in vivo performance. J Cataract Refract Surg. 2019;45(12):1808-1817.

5. Das KK, Werner L, Collins S, Hong X. In vitro and schematic model eye assessment of glare or positive dysphotopsia type photic phenomena: a comparison of a new material IOL to other monofocal intraocular lenses. J Cataract Refract Surg. 2019;45(2):219-227.

6. Costa JF, Bompastor-Ramos P, Marques M, et al. Large-scale opacification of a hydrophilic/hydrophobic intraocular lens. Eur J Ophthalmol. 2019:1120672119830581.

7. Darcy K, Apel A, Donaldson M, et al. Calcification of hydrophilic acrylic intraocular lenses following secondary surgical procedures in the anterior and posterior segments. Br J Ophthalmol. 2019;103(12):1700-1703.

8. Gerhart J, Werner L, Mamalis N, et al. Depletion of Myo/Nog cells in the lens mitigates posterior capsule opacification in rabbits. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2019;60(6):1813-1823.

9. Werner L, Wallace JK, Balendiran V, et al. Surface deposits mimicking calcification on a hydrophobic acrylic intraocular lens. J Cataract Refract Surg. 2019;45(7):1036-1039.

10. Werner L, Thatthamla I, Ong M, et al. Evaluation of clarity characteristics in a new hydrophobic acrylic IOL in comparison to commercially available IOLs. J Cataract Refract Surg. 2019;45(10):1490-1497.

11. Beer SMC, Werner L, Nakano EM, et al. A 3-year follow-up study of a new corneal inlay: clinical results and outcomes [published online August 24, 2019]. Br J Ophthalmol. doi:10.1136/bjophthalmol-2019-314314.

12. Shumway C, Ellis N, Heczko J, Jiang B, et al. Evaluation of the capsular safety of a new hybrid phacoemulsification tip in a cadaver eye model. J Cataract Refract Surg. 2019;45(11):1660-1664.

13. Balendiran V, MacLean K, Mamalis N, et al. Localized calcification of hydrophilic acrylic intraocular lenses after posterior segment procedures. J Cataract Refract Surg. 2019;45(12):1801-1807.

14. Aliancy J, Werner L, Ludlow J, et al. Long-term capsule clarity with a disk-shaped intraocular lens. J Cataract Refract Surg. 2018;44(4):504-509.

15. Shah M, Campos-Möller X, Werner L, et al. Midterm failure of combined phacoemulsification with trabecular microbypass stenting: clinicopathological analysis. J Cataract Refract Surg. 2018;44(5):654-657.

16. Tsaousis KT, Werner L, Trindade CLC, et al. Assessment of a novel pinhole supplementary implant for sulcus fixation in pseudophakic cadaver eyes. Eye (Lond). 2018;32(3):637-645.

17. Werner L, Ellis N, Heczko JB, et al. In vivo evaluation of a new hydrophobic acrylic intraocular lens in the rabbit model. J Cataract Refract Surg. 2018;44(12):1497-1502.

18. Gurabardhi M, Häberle H, Aurich H, et al. Serial intraocular lens opacifications of different designs from the same manufacturer: clinical and light microscopic results of 71 explant cases. J Cataract Refract Surg. 2018;44(11):1326-1332.

19. Elbaz H, Werner L, Spiru B, Sekundo W. Spontaneous breakage of intracorneal ring segments (ICRS) 8 years after implantation. Saudi J Ophthalmol. 2018;32(4):341-345.

20. Ludlow J, Nguyen J, Aliancy J, et al. Long-term uveal and capsular biocompatibility of a novel modular intraocular lens system. Acta Ophthalmol. 2018;96(4):e427-e433.

21. Tsaousis KT, Chang DF, Werner L, et al. Comparison of different types of phacoemulsification tips. III. Morphological changes induced after multiple uses in an ex vivo model. J Cataract Refract Surg. 2018;44(1):91-97.

22. Gerhart J, Withers C, Gerhart C, et al. Myo/Nog cells are present in the ciliary processes, on the zonule of Zinn and posterior capsule of the lens following cataract surgery. Exp Eye Res. 2018;171:101-105.

23. Khurana RN, Werner L. Calcification of a hydrophilic intraocular lens after pars plana vitrectomy. Retin Cases Brief Rep. 2018;12(3):204-206.

24. Nguyen J, Werner L, Ludlow J, et al. IOL power adjustment by a femtosecond laser: In vitro evaluation of power change, MTF, light transmission, and light scattering in a blue-light filtering lens. J Cataract Refract Surg. 2018;44(2):226-230.

25. Werner L, Ludlow J, Nguyen J, et al. Biocompatibility of intraocular lens power adjustment using a femtosecond laser in a rabbit model. J Cataract Refract Surg. 2017;43(8):1100-1106.

26. Packer M, Werner L. Report of ‘glistenings’ does not correspond with the definition of glistenings. J Refract Surg. 2017;33(3):211.

27. Trindade CC, Trindade BC, Trindade FC, et al. New pinhole sulcus implant for the correction of irregular corneal astigmatism. J Cataract Refract Surg. 2017;43(10):1297-1306.

28. Guan JJ, Kramer GD, MacLean K, et al. Optic replacement in a novel modular intraocular lens system. Clin Exp Ophthalmol. 2016;44(9):817-823.

29. Tsaousis KT, Werner L, Reiter N, et al. Comparison of different types of phacoemulsification tips. II. Morphologic alterations induced by multiple steam sterilization cycles with and without use of enzyme detergents. J Cataract Refract Surg. 2016;42(9):1353-1360.

30. Tsaousis KT, Werner L, Perez JP, et al. Comparison of different types of phacoemulsification tips. I. Quantitative analysis of elemental composition and tip surface microroughness. J Cataract Refract Surg. 2016;42(9):1345-1352.

31. Bompastor-Ramos P, Póvoa J, et al. Late postoperative opacification of a hydrophilic-hydrophobic acrylic intraocular lens. J Cataract Refract Surg. 2016;42(9):1324-1331.

32. Ventura BV, MacLean KD, Lira W, et al. Microscopic analysis of an opacified OFT CRYL hydrophilic acrylic intraocular lens. Arq Bras Oftalmol.. 2016;79(4):255-257.

33. Werner L, Mamalis N, Kramer GD. Reply: Dick HB, Schultz T. One problem, many (more) devices: minimizing postoperative capsule opacification. J Cataract Refract Surg. 2016;42(8):1245-1246.

34. Li J, Werner L, Guan JJ, et al. Evaluation of long-term biocompatibility and capsular bag opacification with a new silicone-polyimide plate-type intraocular lens in the rabbit model. J Cataract Refract Surg. 2016;42(7):1066-1072.

35. Driver TH, Li HJ, Sharma A, et al. Late-onset, snowstorm-like appearance of calcium deposits coating a poly(methyl methacrylate) posterior chamber intraocular lens. J Cataract Refract Surg. 2016;42(6):931-935.

36. Kramer GD, Werner L, Mamalis N. Prevention of postoperative capsular bag opacification using intraocular lenses and endocapsular devices maintaining an open or expanded capsular bag. J Cataract Refract Surg. 2016;42(3):469-484.

37. Werner L, Stover JC, Schwiegerling J, Das KK. Effects of intraocular lens opacification on light scatter, stray light, and overall optical quality/performance. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2016;57(7):3239-3247.

38. Werner L, Stover JC, Schwiegerling J, Das KK. Light scattering, stray light and optical quality in hydrophobic acrylic intraocular lenses with subsurface nanoglistenings. J Cataract Refract Surg. 2016;42(1):148-156.

39. Kramer GD, Werner L, Neuhann T, et al. Anterior haptic flexing and in-the-bag subluxation of an accommodating intraocular lens due to excessive capsular bag contraction. J Cataract Refract Surg. 2015;41(9):2010-2013.

40. Mojzis P, Studeny P, Werner L, Piñero DP. Late opacification of a hydrophilic acrylic intraocular lens in Europe. Eur J Ophthalmol. 2016;26(2):e24-e26.

41. Chang DF, Mamalis N, Werner L. Precision pulse capsulotomy: preclinical safety and performance of a new capsulotomy technology. Ophthalmology. 2016;123(2):255-264.

42. Mojzis P, Studeny P, Werner L, Piñero DP. Opacification of a hydrophilic acrylic intraocular lens with a hydrophobic surface after air injection in Descemet-stripping automated endothelial keratoplasty in a patient with Fuchs dystrophy. J Cataract Refract Surg. 2016;42(3):485-488.

43. Liu E, Cole S, Werner L, et al. Pathological evidence of pseudoexfoliation in cases of in-the-bag intraocular lens subluxation or dislocation. J Cataract Refract Surg. 2015;41:929-935.

44. Farukhi MA, Werner L, Kohl JC, et al. Evaluation of uveal and capsular biocompatibility of a single-piece hydrophobic acrylic lens with ultraviolet-ozone treatment on the posterior surface. J Cataract Refract Surg. 2015;41:1081-1087.

45. Berk TA, Tam DY, Werner L, et al. Electron microscopic evaluation of a gold glaucoma micro shunt after explantation. J Cataract Refract Surg. 2015;41:674-680.

46. Espandar L, Mukherjee N, Werner L, et al. Diagnosis and management of opacified silicone intraocular lenses in patients with asteroid hyalosis. J Cataract Refract Surg. 2015;41:222-225.

47. Bozukova D, Werner L, Mamalis N, et al. Double-C loop platform in combination with hydrophobic and hydrophilic acrylic intraocular lens materials. J Cataract Refract Surg. 2015;41(7):1490-1502.

48. MacLean KD, Werner L, Kramer GD, et al. Evaluation of stability and capsular bag opacification of a new foldable adjustable intraocular lens. Clin Experiment Ophthalmol. 2015;43(7):648-654.

49. MacLean KD, Apel A, Wilson J, Werner L. Calcification of hydrophilic acrylic intraocular lenses associated with intracameral air injection following DMEK. J Cataract Refract Surg. 2015;41(6):1310-1314.

50. Kramer GD, Werner L, MacLean K, et al. Evaluation of stability and capsular bag opacification with a foldable intraocular lens coupled with a protective membrane in the rabbit model. J Cataract Refract Surg. 2015;41(8):1738-1744.

51. Nieuwendaal CP, van der Meulen IJ, Patryn EK, et al. Opacification of the intraocular lens after Descemet stripping endothelial keratoplasty. Cornea. 2015;34(11):1375-1377.

52. Werner L, Wilbanks G, Nieuwendaal CP, et al. Localized opacification of hydrophilic acrylic intraocular lenses after procedures using intracameral injection of air or gas. J Cataract Refract Surg. 2015;41:199-207.

53. Ford J, Werner L, Mamalis N. Adjustable intraocular lens power technology. J Cataract Refract Surg. 2014;40:1205-1223.

54. Ford JR, Werner L, Owen L, Vasavada SA, Crandall A. Spontaneous bilateral anterior partial in-the-bag intraocular lens dislocation following routine annual eye examination. J Cataract Refract Surg. 2014;40:1561-1564.

55. Cole SC, Werner L, Schwiegerling J, Crandall A. Visual aberrations in a multifocal intraocular lens with injection-related scratches. J Cataract Refract Surg. 2014;40:1913-1918.

56. Kohl JC, Werner L, Ford JR, et al. Long-term uveal and capsular biocompatibility of a new accommodating intraocular lens. J Cataract Refract Surg. 2014;40:2113-2119.

57. Stallings S, Werner L, Chayet A, et al. Intraocular polyimide intraocular lens haptic breakage long-term postoperatively. J Cataract Refract Surg. 2014;40:323-326.

58. Nakano CT, Motta AF, Hida WT, et al. Hurricane cortical aspiration technique: one-step continuous circular aspiration maneuver. J Cataract Refract Surg. 2014;40:514-516.

59. Epstein RH, Liu ET, Werner L, Kohnen T, Kaproth OK, Mamalis N. Capsulorhexis phimosis with anterior flexing of an accommodating IOL: Case report and histopathological analyses. J Cataract Refract Surg. 2014;40:148-152.

60. Barra D, Werner L, Costa JLP, et al. Light scattering and light transmittance in a series of calcified single-piece hydrophilic acrylic intraocular lenses of the same design. J Cataract Refract Surg. 2014;40:121-128.

61. Morris C, Werner L, Barra D, et al. Light scattering and light transmittance of cadaver eye–explanted intraocular lenses of different materials. J Cataract Refract Surg. 2014;40:129-137.

62. Werner L, Morris C, Liu E, et al. Light transmittance of 1-piece hydrophobic acrylic intraocular lenses with surface light scattering removed from cadaver eyes. J Cataract Refract Surg. 2014;40:114-120.

63. Jiraskova N, Werner L, Mamalis N, Rozsival P. Histologic evaluation of AlphaCor keratoprosthesis explanted following various complications. Biomed Pap Med Fac Univ Palacky Olomouc Czech Repub. 2014;158:50-55.

64. Ventura BV, Ventura M, Werner L, Santhiago MR. Calcium deposits on hydrophilic acrylic intraocular lenses. J Cataract Refract Surg. 2013;39:142-143.

65. Jorge Pde A, Jorge D, Ventura CV, et al. Late opacification in hydrophilic acrylic intraocular lenses: analysis of 87 eyes in a random sample of 102 patients. J Cataract Refract Surg. 2013;39:403-407.

66. Fellman MA, Werner L, Liu ET, et al. Calcification of a hydrophilic acrylic intraocular lens after Descemet-stripping endothelial keratoplasty: case report and laboratory analyses. J Cataract Refract Surg. 2013;39:799-803.

67. Ollerton A, Werner L, Strenk S, et al. Pathologic comparison of asymmetric or sulcus fixation of 3-piece intraocular lenses with square versus round anterior optic edges. Ophthalmology. 2013;120:1580-1587.

68. Floyd AM, Werner L, Liu E, et al. Capsular bag opacification with a new accommodating intraocular lens. J Cataract Refract Surg. 2013;39:1415-1420.

69. Michelson J, Werner L, Ollerton A, et al. Light scattering and light transmittance in intraocular lenses explanted because of optic opacification. J Cataract Refract Surg. 2012;38:1476-1485.

70. Werner L, Michelson J, Ollerton A, et al. Anterior segment optical coherence tomography in the assessment of postoperative intraocular lens optic changes. J Cataract Refract Surg. 2012;38:1077-1085.

71. Ollerton A, Werner L, Fuller SR, et al. Evaluation of a new single-piece 4% water content hydrophobic acrylic intraocular lens in the rabbit model. J Cataract Refract Surg. 2012;38:1827-1832.

72. Leishman L, Werner L, Bodnar Z, et al. Prevention of capsular bag opacification with a modified hydrophilic acrylic disk-shaped intraocular lens. J Cataract Refract Surg. 2012;38:1664-1670.

73. Goecks T, Werner L, Mamalis N, et al. Toxicity comparison of intraocular azithromycin with and without a bioadhesive delivery system in rabbit eyes. J Cataract Refract Surg. 2012;38:137-145.

74. McIntyre JS, Werner L, Fuller SR, et al. Assessment of a single-piece hydrophilic acrylic IOL for piggyback sulcus fixation in pseudophakic cadaver eyes. J Cataract Refract Surg. 2012;38:155-162.

75. Werner L, Zaugg B, Neuhann T, et al. In-the-bag capsular tension ring and intraocular lens subluxation or dislocation: A series of 23 cases. Ophthalmology. 2012;119:266-271.

76. Jaber R, Werner L, Fuller S, et al. Comparison of capsulorhexis resistance to tearing with and without trypan blue dye using a mechanized tensile strength model. J Cataract Refract Surg. 2012;38:507-512.

77. Kirk KR, Werner L, Jaber R, et al. Pathologic assessment of complications with asymmetric or sulcus fixation of square-edged hydrophobic acrylic intraocular lenses. Ophthalmology. 2012;119:907-913.

78. Ollerton A, Stagg BC, Leishman L, et al. Long-term pathologic follow-up of obsolete designs: Choyce Mark VIII anterior chamber intraocular lens. J Cataract Refract Surg. 2012;38:368-372.

79. Dhital A, Spalton DJ, Goyal S, Werner L. Calcification in hydrophilic intraocular lenses associated with injection of intraocular gas. Am J Ophthalmol. 2012;153:1154-1160.

80. Werner L, Wilbanks G, Ollerton A, Michelson J. Localized calcification of hydrophilic acrylic intraocular lenses in association with intracameral injection of gas. J Cataract Refract Surg. 2012;38:720-721.

81. Saffra N, Agarwal S, Enin J, et al. In vitro analysis of Nd:YAG laser damage to hydrophilic acrylic intraocular lenses. Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging. 2012;43:45-49.

82. Kavoussi SC, Werner L, Fuller SR, et al. Prevention of capsular bag opacification with a new hydrophilic acrylic disk-shaped intraocular lens. J Cataract Refract Surg. 2011;37:2194-2200.

83. Saffra N, Agarwal S, Enin J, et al. Glare secondary to damaged IOL. Ophthalmology. 2011;118:2304.el-e2.

84. Moreno-Montañés J, Barrio-Barrio J, De-Nova E, Werner L. Lens epithelial cell death secondary to acanthamoeba keratitis: absence of capsular bag opacification six years after cataract surgery. Case Report Ophthalmol. 2011;2:354-359.

85. Werner L, Abdel-Aziz S, Cutler-Peck C, et al. Accelerated 20-year sunlight exposure simulation of a photochromic foldable intraocular lens in a rabbit model. J Cataract Refract Surg. 2011;37:378-385.

86. Burrow MK, Werner L, Maddula S, et al. Long-term pathological follow-up of 2-loop iridocapsular intraocular lens. J Cataract Refract Surg. 2011;37:409-412.

87. Ness PJ, Werner L, Maddula S, et al. Pathology of 219 human cadaver eyes with 1-piece or 3-piece hydrophobic acrylic intraocular lenses: capsular bag opacification and sites of square-edged barrier breach. J Cataract Refract Surg. 2011;37:923-930.

88. Maddula S, Werner L, Ness PJ, et al. Pathology of 157 human cadaver eyes with round-edged or modern square-edged silicone intraocular lenses: analyses of capsule bag opacification. J Cataract Refract Surg. 2011;37:740-748.

89. Werner L, Tassignon MJ, Zaugg BE, et al. Clinical and histopathologic evaluation of six human eyes implanted with the bag-in-the-lens. Ophthalmology. 2010;117:55-62.

90. Davis D, Werner L, Strenk S, et al. Long-term pathological follow-up of obsolete design: Pannu universal intraocular lens. J Cataract Refract Surg. 2010;36:512-516.

91. Stringham J, Werner L, Monson B, et al. Calcification of different designs of silicone intraocular lenses in eyes with asteroid hyalosis. Ophthalmology. 2010;117:1486-1492.

92. Werner L. Glistenings and surface light scattering in intraocular lenses. J Cataract Refract Surg. 2010;36:1398-1420.

93. Werner L, Chang W, Haymore J, et al. Retinal safety of the irradiation delivered to light-adjustable intraocular lenses evaluated in a rabbit model. J Cataract Refract Surg. 2010;36:1392-1397.

94. Mamalis N, Grossniklaus HE, Waring III GO, et al. Ablation of lens epithelial cells with a laser photolysis system: Histopathology, ultrastructure, and immunochemistry. J Cataract Refract Surg. 2010;36:1003-1010.

95. Werner L, Jia G, Sussman G, et al. Mechanized model to assess capsulorhexis resistance to tearing. J Cataract Refract Surg. 2010;36:1954-1959.

96. Zaugg B, Werner L, Neuhann T, et al. Clinicopathologic correlation of capsulorhexis phimosis with anterior flexing of single-piece hydrophilic acrylic intraocular lens haptics. J Cataract Refract Surg. 2010;36:1605-1609.

97. Khalifa Y, Moshirfar M, Mifflin MD, et al. Cataract development associated with collagen copolymer posterior chamber phakic intraocular lenses: clinicopathological correlation. J Cataract Refract Surg. 2010;36:1768-1774.

98. Ness P, Mamalis N, Werner L, et al. An anterior chamber toxicity study evaluating Besivance, AzaSite and ciprofloxacin. Am J Ophthalmol. 2010;150:498-504.

99. Werner L, Tetz M, Feldmann I, Bücker M. Evaluating and defining the sharpness of intraocular lenses: microedge structure of commercially available square-edged hydrophilic intraocular lenses. J Cataract Refract Surg. 2009;35:556-566.

100. Pereira FA, Werner L, Milverton EJ, Coroneo MT. Miyake-Apple posterior video analysis/photographic technique. J Cataract Refract Surg. 2009;35:577-587.

101. Davis D, Brubaker J, Espandar L, et al. Late in-the-bag spontaneous intraocular lens dislocation: evaluation of 86 consecutive cases. Ophthalmology. 2009;116:664-670.

102. Werner L, Tetz M, Mentak K, et al. Detection of pyrogens adsorbed to intraocular lenses: evaluation of limulus amoebocyte lysate and in vitro pyrogen tests. J Cataract Refract Surg. 2009;35:1273-1280.

103. Peck CM, Joos ZP, Zaugg BE, et al. Comparison of the corneal endothelial protective effects of Healon-D and Viscoat. Clin Experiment Ophthalmol. 2009;37:397-401.

104. Kamae KK, Werner L, Chang W, et al. Intraocular pressure changes during injection of microincision and conventional intraocular lenses through incisions smaller than 3.0 mm. J Cataract Refract Surg. 2009;35:1430-1436.

105. Nessim M, Pandey SK, Werner L, et al. Histochemical analysis of bandage contact lens precipitates. Cont Lens Anterior Eye. 2008;31:47-49.

106. Werner L. Biocompatibility of intraocular lens materials. Curr Opin Ophthalmol. 2008;19:41-49.

107. Werner L, Müller M, Tetz M. Evaluating and defining the sharpness of intraocular lenses. Microedge structure of commercially available square-edged hydrophobic lenses. J Cataract Refract Surg. 2008;34:310-317.

108. Yeh O, Werner L, Letocha CE, Mamalis N. Long-term follow-up of obsolete design: iris-clip glass intraocular lens. J Cataract Refract Surg. 2008;34:520-522.

109. Haugen B, Werner L, Romaniv N, et al. Prevention of endophthalmitis by collagen shields presoaked in fourth-generation fluoroquinolones versus by topical prophylaxis. J Cataract Refract Surg. 2008;34:853-858.

110. Tetz M, Werner L. Regarding the paper: hydroview lens implant calcification-186 exchanges at a district general hospital, by P Syam et al. Eye. 2008;22:323-324.

111. Werner L, Lovisolo C, Chew J, et al. Meridional differences in internal dimensions of the anterior segment in human eyes evaluated with 2 imaging systems. J Cataract Refract Surg. 2008;34:1125-1132.

112. Vasavada V, Vasavada VA, Werner L, et al. Corticocapsular cleavage during phacoemulsification: viscodissection versus hydrodissection. Miyake-Apple view analysis. J Cataract Refract Surg. 2008;34:1173-1180.

113. Moshirfar M, Chew J, Werner L, et al. Comparison of the effects of fourth-generation fluoroquinolones on corneal re-epithelialization in rabbit eyes. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol. 2008;246:1455-1461.

114. Mamalis N, Brubaker J, Davis D, et al. Complications of foldable intraocular lenses requiring explantation or secondary intervention—2007 survey update. J Cataract Refract Surg. 2008;34:1584-1591.

115. Werner L, Storsberg J, Mauger O, et al. Unusual pattern of glistening formation on a 3-piece hydrophobic acrylic intraocular lens. J Cataract Refract Surg. 2008;34:1604-1609.

116. Werner L. Calcification of hydrophilic acrylic intraocular lenses. Am J Ophthalmol. 2008;146:341-343.

117. Werner L, Tassignon MJ, Gobin L, et al. Bag-in-the-lens: first pathological analysis of a human eye obtained postmortem. J Cataract Refract Surg. 2008;34:2163-2165.

118. Haymore J, Zaidman G, Werner L, et al. Misdiagnosis of hydrophilic acrylic intraocular lens optic opacification: report of 8 cases with the MemoryLens. Ophthalmology. 2007;114:1689-1695.

119. Elgohary M, Zaheer A, Werner L, et al. Opacification of Array SA40N silicone multifocal intraocular lens. J Cataract Refract Surg. 2007;33:342-347.

120. Werner L. Causes of intraocular lens opacification or discoloration. J Cataract Refract Surg. 2007;33:713-726.

121. Werner L, Yeh O, Haymore J, et al. Corneal endothelial safety with the irradiation system for light-adjustable intraocular lenses. J Cataract Refract Surg. 2007;33:873-878.

122. Chang WH, Werner L, Fry LL, et al. Pigmentary dispersion syndrome with a secondary piggyback 3-piece hydrophobic acrylic lens. Case report with clinicopathological correlation. J Cataract Refract Surg. 2007;33:1106-1109.

123. Tetz M, Werner L, Müller M, Dietze U. Late traumatic LASIK flap loss during contact sport. J Cataract Refract Surg. 2007;33:1332-1335.

124. Stevens S, Werner L, Mamalis N. Corneal edema and permanent blue discoloration of a silicone intraocular lens by methylene blue. Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging. 2007;38:136-141.

125. Dahle N, Werner L, Fry L, Mamalis N. Localized, central optic snowflake degeneration of a PMMA intraocular lens: Clinical report with pathological correlation. Arch Ophthalmol. 2006;124:1350-1353.

126. Kleinmann G, Apple DJ, Werner L, et al. Postoperative surface deposits on intraocular lenses in children. J Cataract Refract Surg. 2006;32:1932-1937.

127. Arbisser LB, Charles S, Howcroft M, Werner L. Management of vitreous loss and dropped nucleus during cataract surgery. Ophthalmol Clin North Am. 2006;19(4):495-506.

128. Werner L, Olson RJ, Mamalis N. New technology IOL optics. Ophthalmol Clin North Am. 2006; 19(4):469-483.

129. Werner L, Mamalis N. Reply: Association of TASS with ointment in the anterior chamber following cataract surgery. J Cataract Refract Surg. 2006;32:1979.

130. Werner L, Mamalis N, Romaniv N, et al. New photochromic foldable intraocular lens: preliminary study on feasibility and biocompatibility. J Cataract Refract Surg. 2006;32:1214-1221.

131. Werner L, Chew J, Mamalis N. Experimental evaluation of ophthalmic devices and solutions using rabbit models. Vet Ophthalmol. 2006;9:281-291.

132. Lord RK, Price FW, Price MO, et al. Histology of posterior lamellar keratoplasty. Cornea. 2006;25:1093-1096.

133. Mamalis N, Edelhauser HF, Dawson DG, et al. Toxic anterior segment syndrome (TASS). J Cataract Refract Surg. 2006;32:324-333.

134. Neuhann IM, Stodulka P, Werner L, et al. Two opacification patterns of the same hydrophilic acrylic polymer: case reports and clinicopathological correlation. J Cataract Refract Surg. 2006;32:879-886.

135. Chew J, Werner L, Stevens S, et al. Evaluation of the effects of hydrodissection with antimitotics using a rabbit model of Soemmering’s ring formation. Clin Experiment Ophthalmol. 2006;34:449-456.

136. Werner L, Sher JH, Taylor JR, et al. Toxic anterior segment syndrome and possible association with ointment in the anterior chamber following cataract surgery. J Cataract Refract Surg. 2006;32:227-235.

137. Hickman MS, Werner L, Mamalis N, et al. Intraoperative explantation of two single-piece hydrophobic acrylic intraocular lenses due to surface deposits. Eye. 2006;20:1054-1060.

138. Chew JJL, Werner L, Mackman G, Mamalis N. Late opacification of a silicone intraocular lens caused by ophthalmic ointment. J Cataract Refract Surg. 2006;32:341-346.

139. Werner L, Mamalis N, Stevens S, et al. Interlenticular opacification: dual-optic versus piggyback intraocular lenses. J Cataract Refract Surg. 2006;32:656-662.

140. Werner L, Hunter B, Stevens S, et al. Role of silicon contamination on calcification of hydrophilic acrylic intraocular lenses. Am J Ophthalmol. 2006;141:35-43.

141. Werner L, Dornelles F, Hilgert CR, et al. Early opacification of silicone intraocular lenses: laboratory analyses of six explants. J Cataract Refract Surg. 2006;32:499-509.

142. Kleinmann G, Werner L, Kaskaloglu M, et al. Postoperative opacification of the peripheral optic region and haptics of a hydrophilic acrylic intraocular lens: case report and clinicopathologic correlation. J Cataract Refract Surg. 2006;32:158-161.

143. Werner L, Pandey SK, Izak AM, et al. Evaluation of the cataractogenic effect of viscoanesthetic solutions to the rabbit crystalline lens. J Cataract Refract Surg. 2005;31:1414-1420.

144. Price MO, Price FW Jr, Werner L, et al. Late dislocation of scleral-sutured posterior chamber intraocular lenses. J Cataract Refract Surg. 2005;31:1320-1326.

145. Werner L. Reply: Khan AO, Al-Mesfer S. Opacification of IOLs. Ophthalmology. 2005;112:1482-1483.

146. Hicks CR, Werner L, Vijayasekaran S, et al. Histology of AlphaCor skirts: evaluation of biointegration. Cornea. 2005;24:933-940.

147. Olson RJ, Werner L, Mamalis N, Cionni R. New IOL technology. Am J Ophthalmol. 2005;140:709-716.

148. Hunter B, Werner L, Memmen JE, Mamalis N. Postoperative localized opacification of the new MemoryLens design: Analyses of an explant. J Cataract Refract Surg.

2005;31:1836-1840.

149. Werner L, Mamalis N, Izak AM, et al. Posterior capsule opacification in rabbit eyes implanted with single-piece and three-piece hydrophobic acrylic intraocular lenses. J Cataract Refract Surg. 2005;31:805-811.

150. Baillif S, Chiquet C, Werner L, et al. Opacification of a hydrophilic acrylic intraocular lens. J Fr Ophthalmol. 2005;28(8):e4.

151. Werner L, Hickman MS, LeBoyer RM, Mamalis N. Experimental evaluation of the Corneal Concept 360 intraocular lens with the Miyake-Apple view. J Cataract Refract Surg. 2005;31:1231-1237.

152. LeBoyer RM, Werner L, Snyder ME, et al. Acute haptic-induced ciliary sulcus irritation associated with single-piece AcrySof intraocular lenses. J Cataract Refract Surg. 2005;31:1421-1427.

153. Werner L, Kollarits CR, Mamalis N, Olson RJ. Surface calcification of a three-piece silicone intraocular lens in a patient with asteroid hyalosis: a clinicopathologic case report. Ophthalmology. 2005;112:447-452.

154. Werner L, Mamalis N, Pandey SK, et al. Posterior capsule opacification in rabbit eyes implanted with hydrophilic acrylic intraocular lenses with enhanced square edge. J Cataract Refract Surg. 2004;30:2403-2409.

155. Hilgert CR, Hilgert A, Hofling-Lima AL, et al. Early opacification of SI-40NB silicone intraocular lenses. J Cataract Refract Surg. 2004;30:2225-2229.

156. Werner L, Pandey SK, Izak AM, et al. Capsular bag opacification after experimental implantation of a new accommodating intraocular lens in rabbit eyes. J Cataract Refract Surg. 2004;30:1114-1123.

157. Hicks CR, Chirila TV, Werner L, et al. Deposits in artificial corneas: risk factors and prevention. Clin Experiment Ophthalmol. 2004;32:185-191.

158. Foot L, Werner L, Gills JP, et al. Surface calcification of silicone plate intraocular lenses in patients with asteroid hyalosis. Am J Ophthalmol. 2004;137:979-987.

159. Izak AM, Werner L, Pandey SK, et al. Single-piece hydrophobic acrylic intraocular lens explanted within the capsular bag: case report with clinicopathological correlation. J Cataract Refract Surg. 2004;30:1356-1361.

160. Neuhann IM, Werner L, Izak AM, et al. Late postoperative opacification of a hydrophilic acrylic (hydrogel) intraocular lens: A clinicopathological analysis of 106 explants. Ophthalmology. 2004; 111:2094-2101.

161. Werner L, Izak AM, Pandey SK, et al. Correlation between different measurements within the eye relative to phakic intraocular lens implantation. J Cataract Refract Surg. 2004;30:1982-1988.

162. Izak AM, Werner L, Pandey SK, Apple DJ. Pathological evaluation of postmortem human eyes implanted with a new single-piece hydrophobic acrylic lens. J Cataract Refract Surg. 2004;30:1537-1544.

163. Pandey SK, Apple DJ, Werner L, et al. Posterior capsule opacification: a review of the aetiopathogenesis, experimental and clinical studies and factors for prevention. Indian J Ophthalmol. 2004;52(2):99112.

164. Pandey SK, Werner L, Wilson ME, et al. Capsulorhexis ovaling and capsular bag stretch after rigid and foldable intraocular lens implantation: Experimental study in pediatric human eyes. J Cataract Refract Surg. 2004;30:2183-2191.

165. Werner L, Mamalis N. Wavefront corrections of intraocular lenses. Ophthalmol Clin North Am. 2004;17:233-245.

166. Izak AM, Werner L, Pandey SK, et al. Analysis of the capsule edge after Fugo plasma blade capsulotomy, continuous curvilinear capsulorhexis, and can opener capsulotomy. J Cataract Refract Surg. 2004;30:2606-2611.

167. Vasavada AR, Trivedi RH, Apple DJ, et al. Randomized, clinical trial of multiquadrant hydrodissection in pediatric cataract surgery. Am J Ophthalmol. 2003;135:84-88.

168. Vargas LG, Werner L, Pandey SK, et al. Técnicas para la preparación de ojos de cadáver utilizadas en el centro para investigaciones en terapéutica ocular y bio-implantes. Arch Soc Esp Oftalmol. 2003;78:73-90.

169. Izak AM, Werner L, Pandey SK, Apple DJ. Bipseudophakia. J Cataract Refract Surg. 2003;29:4.

170. Hicks CR, Crawford GJ, Lou X, et al. Corneal replacement using a synthetic hydrogel cornea, AlphaCor device: preliminary outcomes and complications. Eye. 2003;17:385-392.

171. Olson RJ, Mamalis N, Werner L, Apple DJ. Cataract treatment in the beginning of the 21st century. Am J Ophthalmol. 2003; 136:146-154.

172. Hicks CR, Crawford GJ, Tan DT, et al. AlphaCor trademark cases: comparative outcomes. Cornea. 2003;22:583-590.

173. Apple DJ, Werner L, Mamalis N, Olson RJ. The “demise” of diagnostic and research ocular pathology: Temporary or forever? Trans Am Ophthalmol Soc. 2003;101:127-140.

174. Trivedi RH, Apple DJ, Pandey SK, et al. Sir Nicholas Harold Ridley. He changed the world, so that we might better see it. Indian J Ophthalmol. 2003;51:211-216.

175. Izak AM, Werner L, Pandey SK, Apple DJ. Calcification of modern foldable hydrogel intraocular lens designs. Eye. 2003;17(3):393-406.

176. Trivedi RH, Werner L, Apple DJ, et al. Viscoanesthesia part I: evaluation of toxicity to corneal endothelial cells in a rabbit model. J Cataract Refract Surg. 2003;29:550-555.

177. Macky TA, Werner L, Apple DJ, et al. Viscoanesthesia part II: evaluation of toxicity to intraocular structures after phacoemusification in a rabbit model. J Cataract Refract Surg. 2003;29:556-562.

178. Pandey SK, Werner L, Apple DJ, et al. Viscoanesthesia part III: evaluation of the removal time of viscoelastic/viscoanesthetic solutions from capsular bag of human eyes obtained postmortem. J Cataract Refract Surg. 2003;29:563-567.

179. Escobar-Gomez M, Apple DJ, et al. Scanning electron microscopic and histologic evaluation of the AcrySof SA30AL acrylic intraocular lens. J Cataract Refract Surg. 2003;29:164-169.

180. Vargas LG, Izak AM, Apple DJ, et al. Implantation of a single-piece, hydrophilic, acrylic, minus-power foldable posterior chamber intraocular lens in a rabbit model: clinicopathologic study of posterior capsule opacification. J Cataract Refract Surg. 2003;29:1613-1620.

181. Boam AB, Eydelman, MB, Lum FC, et al. Retrospective evaluation of intraocular lenses in adults under 60 years of age. J Cataract Refract Surg. 2003;29:575-587.

182. Izak MGJ, Werner L, Izak AM, Apple DJ. Management of bipseudophakia with implantation of an iris claw lens. J Cataract Refract Surg. 2003;29:1445-1447.

183. Macky TA, Werner L, Soliman MM, et al. Opacification of two hydrophilic acrylic intraocular lenses 3 months after implantation. Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging. 2003;34(3):197-202.

184. Vasavada AR, Singh R, Apple DJ, et al. Efficacy of hydrodissection step in the phacoemulsification for age related senile cataract. J Cataract Refract Surg. 2002;28:1623-1628.

185. Trivedi RH, Werner L, Apple DJ, et al. Post cataract-intraocular lens (IOL) surgery opacification. Eye. 2002;16:217-241.

186. Pandey SK, Werner L, Wilson ME Jr, et al. Anterior capsule staining. Techniques, recommendations and guidelines for surgeons. Indian J Ophthalmol. 2002;50:157-159.

187. Pandey SK, Werner L, Apple DJ, Kaskaloglu M. Hydrophilic acrylic intraocular lens optic and haptics opacification in a diabetic patient: Bilateral case report and clinicopathological correlation. Ophthalmology. 2002;109:2042-2051.

188. Pandey SK, Werner L, Agarwal A, et al. Phakonit: cataract removal through a sub-1mm incision and implantation of ThinOptix rollable intraocular lens. J Cataract Refract Surg. 2002;28:1710-1713.

189. Pandey SK, Werner L, Agarwal A, et al. No-anesthesia phacoemulsification. J Cataract Refract Surg. 2002;28:1501-1502.

190. Solomon KD, Holzer MP, Sandoval HP, et al. Refractive surgery survey 2001. J Cataract Refract Surg. 2002;28:346-355.

191. Izak AM, Werner L, Apple DJ, et al. Loop memory of different haptic materials used in the manufacture of posterior chamber intraocular lenses. J Cataract Refract Surg. 2002;28:1229-1235.

192. Izak AM, Werner L, Apple DJ, et al. Silicone plate-haptic posterior chamber intraocular lens implanted in the anterior chamber: report of a bilateral case and potential complications. Ophthalmic Surg Lasers. 2002;33:480-487.

193. Schmidbauer JM, Peng Q, Apple DJ, et al. Rates and causes of intraoperative removal of foldable and rigid intraocular lenses: clinicopathological analysis of 100 cases. J Cataract Refract Surg. 2002;28:1223-1228.

194. Apple DJ, Peng Q, Arthur SN, et al. Snowflake degeneration of polymethyl methacrylate posterior chamber intraocular lens optic material: a newly described clinical condition caused by unexpected late opacification of polymethyl methacrylate. Ophthalmology. 2002;109:1666-1675.

195. Izak AM, Apple DJ, Werner L, et al. Bipseudophakia: clinicopathological correlation of a dropped lens. J Cataract Refract Surg. 2002;28:874-882.

196. Werner L, Apple DJ, Crema AS, et al. Permanent blue discoloration of a hydrogel intraocular lens caused by intraoperative use of trypan blue. J Cataract Refract Surg. 2002;28:1279-1286.

197. Izak AM, Pandey SK, Werner L, et al. Bipseudophakia: clinicopathological findings of a pseudophakic human globe obtained postmortem containing an anterior chamber and a posterior chamber lens. Indian J Ophthalmol. 2002;50:49-51.

198. Werner L, Kaskaloglu M, Apple DJ, et al. Aqueous infiltration into an implantable miniaturized telescope. Ophthalmic Surg Lasers. 2002;33:343-348.

199. Pandey SK, Cochener B, Apple DJ, et al. Intracapsular ring sustained 5-fluorouracil delivery system for the prevention of posterior capsule opacification in rabbits: a histological study. J Cataract Refract Surg. 2002;28:139-148.

200. Werner L, Apple DJ, Pandey SK, et al. Analysis of elements of interlenticular opacification. Am J Ophthalmol. 2002;133:320-326.

201. Macky TA, Pandey SK, Werner L, et al. Anterior capsule opacification. Int Ophthalmol Clin. 2001;41:17-32.

202. Trivedi RH, Izak A, Werner L, et al. Interlenticular opacification of piggyback intraocular lenses. Int Ophthalmol Clin. 2001;41:47-62.

203. Izak A, Werner L, Pandey SK, et al. Calcification on the surface of the Bausch & Lomb Hydroview intraocular lens. Int Ophthalmol Clin. 2001;41:62-78.

204. Macky TA, Trivedi RH, Werner L, et al. Degeneration of UV absorber material and calcium deposits within the optic of a hydrophilic IOL lens (manufactured by Medical Developmental Research). Int Ophthalmol Clin. 2001;41:79-90.

205. Schmidbauer JM, Vargas LG, Peng Q, et al. Posterior capsule opacification. Int Ophthalmol Clin. 2001;41:109-132.

206. Pandey SK, Werner L, Apple DJ, Gravel JP. Calcium precipitation on the optical surfaces of a foldable intraocular lens: a clinicopathological correlation. Arch Ophthalmol. 2001;120:391-393.

207. Apple DJ, Werner L, Pandey SK. Newly recognized complications of posterior chamber intraocular lenses. Arch Ophthalmol. 2001;119:581-582.

208. Pandey SK, Werner L, Apple DJ, et al. No anesthesia clear corneal phacoemulsification versus topical and topical plus intracameral anesthesia: randomized clinical trial. J Cataract Refract Surg. 2001;27:1643-1650.

209. Pandey S, Werner L, Apple DJ. Staining the anterior capsule. J Cataract Refract Surg. 2001;27:647-648.

210. Legeais JM, Werner L, Werner LP, Renard G. Les matériaux pour implants intraoculaires. Partie III: Les implants intraoculaires acryliques souples. J Fr Ophthalmol. 2001;24:309-318.

211. Ram J, Pandey SK, Apple DJ, et al. Effect of in-the-bag intraocular lens fixation on the prevention of posterior capsule opacification. J Cataract Refract Surg. 2001;27:1039-1046.

212. Apple DJ, Peng Q, Visessook N, et al. Eradication of posterior capsule opacification. Documentation of a marked decrease in Nd:YAG laser posterior capsulotomy rates noted in an analysis of 5,416 pseudophakic human eyes obtained postmortem. Ophthalmology. 2001;108:505-518.

213. Werner L, Pandey SK, Apple DJ, et al. Anterior capsule opacification: correlation of pathological findings with clinical sequelae. Ophthalmology. 2001;108:1675-1681.

214. Werner L, Apple DJ, Kaskaloglu M, Pandey SK. Dense opacification of the optical component of a hydrophilic acrylic intraocular lens: a clinicopathological analysis of 9 explanted lenses. J Cataract Refract Surg. 2001;27:1485-1492.

215. Wilson ME, Elliott L, Johnson B, et al. AcrySof acrylic intraocular lens implantation in children: clinical indications of biocompatibility. J AAPOS. 2001;5:377-380.

216. Apple DJ, Werner L. Complications of cataract and refractive surgery: A clinicopathological documentation. Trans Am Ophthalmol Soc. 2001;99:95-109.

217. Schmidbauer JM, Apple DJ, Auffarth GU, et al. Komlikationsprofile von hinterkammerlinsen - eine analyse 586 faltbarer and 2.077 rigider (PMMA-) explantierter intraokularinsen. Ophthalmologe. 2001;98:1029-1035.

218. Schmidbauer JM, Pandey SK, Apple DJ, et al. Morphologische befunde menschlicher Autopsieaugen nach implantation von Ridley intraokularlinsen. Ophthalmologe. 2001;98:1036-1043.

219. Apple DJ, Werner L, Pandey SK. The opalescence of hydrogel intraocular lens. Eye. 2001;15:817-819.

220. Arthur SN, Peng Q, Apple DJ, et al. Effect of heparin surface modification (HSM) in reducing silicone oil adherence to various intraocular lenses. J Cataract Refract Surg. 2001;27:1662-1669.

221. Schmidbauer JM, Werner L, Apple DJ, et al. Postoperative trübung von hinterkammerlinsen–eine Übersicht. Klin Monatsbl Augenheilkd. 2001;218:586-594.

222. Werner L, Apple DJ, Izak A, et al. Phakic anterior chamber intraocular lenses. Int Ophthalmol Clin. 2001;41:133-152.

223. Werner L, Apple DJ, Pandey SK, et al. Phakic posterior chamber intraocular lenses. Int Ophthalmol Clin. 2001;41:153-174.

224. Pandey SK, Wilson ME, Trivedi RH, et al. Pediatric cataract surgery and intraocular lens implantation: current techniques, complications and management. Int Ophthalmol Clin. 2001;41:175-196.

225. Pandey SK, Werner L, Escobar-Gomez M, et al. Creating cataracts of varying hardness to practice extracapsular cataract extraction and phacoemulsification. J Cataract Refract Surg. 2000;26:322-329.

226. Pandey SK, Werner L, Vasavada AR, Apple DJ. Induction of cataracts of varying degrees of hardness in human eyes obtained postmortem for cataract surgeon training. Am J Ophthalmol. 2000;129:557-558.

227. Werner L, Pandey SK, Escobar-Gomez M, et al. Anterior capsule opacification: A histopathological study comparing different IOL styles. Ophthalmology. 2000;107:463-471.

228. Werner LP, Issid K, Werner L, et al. Salzmann’s corneal degeneration associated with epithelial basement membrane dystrophy. Cornea. 2000;19:121-123.

229. Apple DJ, Peng Q, Visessook N, et al. Surgical prevention of posterior capsule opacification. Part I. Progress in eliminating this complication of cataract surgery. J Cataract Refract Surg. 2000;26:180-187.

230. Peng Q, Apple DJ, Visessook N, et al. Surgical prevention of posterior capsule opacification. Part II. Enhancement of cortical clean up by focusing on hydrodissection. J Cataract Refract Surg. 2000;26:188-197.

231. Peng Q, Visessook N, Apple DJ, et al. Surgical prevention of posterior capsule opacification. Part III. Intraocular lens optic barrier effect as a second line of defense. J Cataract Refract Surg. 2000;26:198-213.

232. Werner L, Shugar JK, Apple DJ, et al. Opacification of piggyback IOLs associated with an amorphous material attached to interlenticular surfaces. J Cataract Refract Surg. 2000;26:1612-1619.

233. Pandey SK, Ram J, Werner L, et al. Persistent pupillary membrane. Br J Ophthalmol. 2000;84:554-557.

234. Pandey SK, Werner L, Escobar-Gomez M, et al. Dye-enhanced cataract surgery. Part I. Anterior capsule staining for capsulorhexis in advanced/white cataracts: A comparative laboratory study using human eyes obtained post-mortem. J Cataract Refract Surg. 2000;26:1052-1059.

235. Werner L, Pandey SK, Escobar-Gomez M, et al. Dye-enhanced cataract surgery. Part II. An experimental study to learn and perform critical steps of phacoemulsification in human eyes obtained post-mortem. J Cataract Refract Surg. 2000;26:1060-1065.

236. Pandey SK, Werner L, Escobar-Gomez M, et al. Dye-enhanced cataract surgery. Part III. Staining of the posterior capsule to learn and perform posterior continuous curvilinear capsulorhexis. J Cataract Refract Surg. 2000;26:1066-1071.

237. Linnola RJ, Werner L, Pandey SK, et al. Adhesion of fibronectin, vitronectin, laminin and collagen type IV to intraocular lens materials in human autopsy eyes. Part I: histological sections. J Cataract Refract Surg. 2000;26:1792-1806.

238. Linnola RJ, Werner L, Pandey SK, et al. Adhesion of fibronectin, vitronectin, laminin and collagen type IV to intraocular lens materials in human autopsy eyes. Part II: explanted IOLs. J Cataract Refract Surg. 2000;26:1807-1818.

239. Werner LP, Trindade F, Pereira F, Werner L. Physiology of accommodation and presbyopia. Arq Bras Oftal. 2000;63:503-509.

240. Gayton JL, Apple DJ, Peng Q, et al. Interlenticular opacification: Clinicopathological correlation of a complication of posterior chamber piggyback intraocular lenses. J Cataract Refract Surg. 2000;26:330-336.

241. Apple DJ, Werner L, Escobar-Gomez M, Pandey SK. Deposits on the optical surfaces of Hydroview intraocular lenses. J Cataract Refract Surg. 2000; 26:796-797.

242. Werner L, Apple DJ, Escobar-Gomez M, et al. Postoperative deposition of calcium on the surfaces of a hydrogel intraocular lens. Ophthalmology. 2000;107:2179-2185.

243. Pandey SK, Saini JS, Werner L, Apple DJ. Mitomycin-C and vernal conjunctivitis. Ophthalmology. 2000;107:2125-2127.

244. Lheureux D, Saied A, Werner L, et al. High-frequency ultrasound characterization of microporous biointegrable polymers in cornea using acoustic parameters. Ultrasonics. 2000;38:391-395.

245. Werner L, Legeais JM, Nagel MD, Renard G. Neutral red assay of the cytotoxicity of fluorocarbon-coated polymethylmethacrylate intraocular lenses in vitro. J Biomed Mater Res. 1999; 48:814-819.

246. Werner L, Legeais JM. Les matériaux pour implants intraoculaires. Partie II: les implants intraoculaires souples, en silicone. J Fr Ophthalmol. 1999;22:492-501.

247. Legeais JM, Werner L, Werner LP, et al. Pseudoaccommodation: BioComFold versus a foldable silicone intraocular lens. J Cataract Refract Surg. 1999;25:262-267.

248. Werner L, Legeais JM, Nagel MD, Renard G. Evaluation of Teflon-coated intraocular lenses in an organ culture method. J Biomed Mater Res. 1999;46:347-354.

249. Werner LP, Werner L, Dighiero P, et al. Confocal microscopy in Bowman’s and stromal corneal dystrophies. Ophthalmology. 1999;106:1697-1704.

250. Pandey SK, Ram J, Werner L, et al. Visual results and postoperative complications of capsular bag versus sulcus fixation of posterior chamber intraocular lenses for traumatic cataract in children. J Cataract Refract Surg. 1999;25:1576-1584.

251. Legeais JM, Werner L, Legeay G, et al. In vivo study of a fluorocarbon polymer-coated intraocular lens in a rabbit model. J Cataract Refract Surg. 1998;24:371-379.

252. Legeay G, Coudreuse A, Legeais JM, et al. AF fluoropolymer for optical use: spectroscopic and surface energy studies; comparison with other fluoropolymers. Eur Polym J. 1998;34:1457-1465.

253. Werner L, Legeais JM, Obsler C, et al. Toxicity of xylocaine to rabbit corneal endothelium. J Cataract Refract Surg. 1998;24:1371-1376.

254. Werner L, Legeais JM. Les matériaux pour implants intraoculaires. Partie I: les implants intraoculaires en polyméthylméthacrylate et modifications de surface. J Fr Ophthalmol. 1998;21:515-524.

255. Boratto LM, Oréfice F, Werner L, Antunes CMF. Dacryocystographic examination does not identify early seventh nerve failure in leprosy patients. Indian J Lepr. 1998;70:287-289.

256. Werner L, Legeais JM, Durand J, et al. Endothelial damage caused by uncoated and fluorocarbon-coated polymethylmethacrylate intraocular lenses. J Cataract Refract Surg. 1997;23:1013-1019.

257. Werner L, Legeais JM. Les colles chirurgicales à usage ophtalmologique. J Fr Ophtalmol. 1997;20:146-159.

258. Legeais JM, Werner L, Briat B, Renard G. Un nouveau matériau pour implant intraoculaire. J Fr Ophtalmol. 1997;20:527-533.

259. Santos Batista RN, Fernandes AC, Werner L. Rétinoblastome trilatéral: diagnostic clinique et par imagerie. J Fr Ophtalmol. 1994;17:674-678.

260. Boratto LM, Oréfice F, Werner L, Antunes CMF. Estudo dacriocistográfico em pacientes portadores de hanseníase. Arq Bras Oftal. 1993;56:36-39.

Books and Book Chapters

1. Werner L. Design, material, insertion, and pathophysiology of IOLs. In: Albert DM, Miller J, Azar D, Young LH, eds. Albert and Jakobiec’s Principles and Practices of Ophthalmology. 4th ed. Springer; 2021.

2. Werner L. Ajuste do poder dióptrico da LIO com laser de femtosegundo. In: Crema A, Ribeiro Gonçalves E, Lima F, eds. Lasers em Oftalmologia. Brazil: Cultura Médica; 2019.

3. Werner L. Histopathological aspects of BIL implantation. In: Tassignon MJ, Ni Dhubhghaill S, Van Os L, eds. Innovative Implantation Technique: Bag-in-the-Lens Cataract Surgery. Springer; 2019.

4. Werner L, Mamalis N. IOL Selection for sulcus fixation. In: Chang DF, Lee BS, Agarwal A, eds. Advanced IOL Fixation Techniques: Strategies for Compromised or Missing Capsular Support. Thorofare, NJ: Slack; 2019.

5. Ford J, Werner L. The advent of the femtosecond laser in medicine and ophthalmology. In: Dick B, Gerste RD, Schultz T, eds. Femtosecond Laser Surgery in Ophthalmology. New York, NY: Thieme Medical Publishers; 2018.

6. Werner L. Pathology of complicated phacoemulsification. In: Fishkind W, ed. Phacoemulsification and Intraocular Lens Implantation. Mastering Techniques and Complications in Cataract Surgery. 2nd ed. New York, NY: Thieme Medical Publishers; 2017.

7. Werner L. Opacification and degradation of implanted intraocular lenses. In: Chirila T, ed. Biomaterials and Regenerative Medicine in Ophthalmology. 2nd ed. Cambridge, UK: Woodhead Publishing Limited; 2016.

8. Werner L, Gardiner GL. IOL opacification: glistenings and other opacifications. In: Randleman B, Ahmed IIK, eds. Intraocular Lens Surgery: Selection, Complications, and Complex Cases. New York, NY: Thieme Medical Publishers; 2016.

9. Werner L. Histopatologia do saco capsular na cirurgia do cristalino. In: Centurion V, Nicoli C, Chávez Mondragón E, eds. Cristalino de las Américas. La Cirugía del Cristalino Hoy. 2nd ed. City of Knowledge, Clayton (Panamá): Jaypee-Highlights Medical Publishers; 2015.

10. Floyd A, Werner L, Mamalis N. PCO Prevention with IOLs maintaining an open or expanded capsular bag. In: Saika S, Werner L, Lovicu FJ, eds. Lens Epithelium and Posterior Capsular Opacification. Tokyo, Japan: Springer Japan; 2014.

11. Morris C, Werner L, Tetz M. PCO Prevention: IOL material versus IOL design. In: Saika S, Werner L, Lovicu FJ, eds. Lens Epithelium and Posterior Capsular Opacification. Tokyo, Japan: Springer Japan; 2014.

12. Liu E, Mamalis N, Werner L. Laser photolysis system and PCO prevention. In: Saika S, Werner L, Lovicu FJ, eds. Lens Epithelium and Posterior Capsular Opacification. Tokyo, Japan: Springer Japan; 2014.

13. Stallings S, Werner L. PCO rates in a large series of human eyes obtained post-mortem. In: Saika S, Werner L, Lovicu FJ, eds. Lens Epithelium and Posterior Capsular Opacification. Tokyo, Japan: Springer Japan; 2014.

14. Saika S, Werner L, Lovicu FJ. Lens Epithelium and Posterior Capsular Opacification. Tokyo, Japan: Springer Japan; 2014.

15. Werner L. Lentes intraoculares: materiais e desenhos. In: Ambrósio Jr R, Crema A, eds. Tratado Brasileiro de Catarata e Cirurgia Refrativa. Rio de Janeiro, Brazil: Grupo Editorial Nacional; 2014.

16. Werner L. Opacification of intraocular lenses. In: Agarwal A, Jacob S, eds. Complications in Ocular Surgery: A Guide to Managing the Most Common Challenges. Thorofare, NJ: Slack, 2013.

17. Werner L, Izak AM, Isaacs RT, et al. Evolution of intraocular lens implantation. In: Yanoff M, Ducker JS, eds. Ophthalmology. 4th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; 2013.

18. Werner L. The Lens, secondary cataract. In: Yanoff M, Ducker JS, eds. Ophthalmology. 4th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; 2013.

19. Werner L. Opacification and degradation of implanted intraocular lenses. In: Chirila T, ed. Biomaterials and Regenerative Medicine in Ophthalmology. Cambridge, UK: Woodhead Publishing; 2010.

20. Chew J, Werner L, Olson RJ. Multifocal, pseudo-accommodative and accommodative intraocular lenses. In: Brightbill FS, ed. Corneal Surgery: Theory, Technique and Tissue. 4th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Mosby Elsevier; 2009.

21. Werner L, Izak AM, Isaacs RT, et al. Evolution of intraocular lens implantation. In: Yanoff M, Ducker JS, eds. Ophthalmology. 3rd ed. Philadelphia, PA: Mosby Elsevier; 2009.

22. Werner L. The Lens, Secondary Cataract. In: Yanoff M, Ducker JS, eds. Ophthalmology. 3rd ed. Philadelphia, PA: Mosby Elsevier; 2009.

23. Werner L, Apple DJ, Mamalis N. Pathology of cataract surgery and intraocular lenses. In: Steinert RF, ed. Cataract Surgery. Philadelphia, PA: WB Saunders Elsevier; 2010.

24. Werner L. TASS and intraocular ointment. In: Chang DF, ed. Cataract Surgery Today. Wayne, PA: Bryn Mawr Communications; 2009.

25. Werner L. Analyzing explanted IOLs. In: Chang DF, ed. Cataract Surgery Today. Wayne, PA: Bryn Mawr Communications; 2009.

26. Werner L, Olson RJ, Mamalis N. Future intraocular lens technology. In: Davis E, Hardten D, Lindstrom R, eds. Presbyopbic Lens Surgery: A Clinical Guide to Current Technology. Thorofare, NJ: Slack, 2007.

27. Mifflin M, Werner L, Olson RJ. Pseudophakic correction of presbyopia. Contemporary Ophthalmology. 2006.

28. Werner L, Mamalis N. Foldable intraocular lenses. In: Kohnen T, Koch DD, eds. Essentials in Ophthalmology: Cataract and Refractive Surgery. Berlin: Springer-Verlag; 2005.

29. Trivedi RH, Wilson ME, Apple DJ, et al. Contact lenses for children. In: Agarwal S, Agarwal A, Agarwal A, eds. Textbook on Contact Lenses. New Delhi, India: Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers; 2005.

30. Pandey SK, Werner L, Mamalis N, Olson RJ. Ultrasmall incision intraocular lenses: experimental studies in clinical applications. In: Agarwal A, ed. Bimanual Phaco: Mastering the Phakonit/MICS Technique. Thorofare, NJ: Slack; 2005.

31. Trivedi RH, Werner L, Pandey SK, et al. Intraocular lens related opacifications: in front of, on, within, between and behind the IOL. In: Steinert RF, ed. Cataract Surgery: Technique, Complications, Management. Philadelphia, PA: WB Saunders; 2004.

32. Werner L, Mamalis N, Apple DJ. Biomaterials for wavefront customization. In: Krueger RR, Applegate RA, MacRae SM, eds. Wavefront Customized Visual Correction. Thorofare, NJ: Slack; 2004.

33. Werner L, Mamalis N. Wavefront corrections of intraocular lenses. In: Krueger RR, Chalita MR, eds. Wavefront Technology. Philadelphia, PA: WB Saunders Company; 2004.

34. Buratto L, Werner L, Zanini M, Apple DJ. Phacoemulsification: Principles and Techniques. 2nd ed. Thorofare, NJ: Slack; 2003.

35. Pandey SK, Wilson ME, Apple DJ, Werner L, Ram J. Update on pediatric cataract management. In: Garg A, Pandey SK, Sharma V, Apple DJ, eds. Advances in Ophthalmology. New Delhi, India: Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers; 2003.

36. Pandey SK, Werner L, Apple DJ. Update on ophthalmic dye enhanced cataract surgery. In: Garg A, Pandey SK, Sharma V, Apple DJ, eds. Advances in Ophthalmology. New Delhi, India: Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers; 2003.

37. Pandey SK, Thakur J, Werner L, et al. Update on ophthalmic viscosurgical devices. In: Garg A, Pandey SK, Sharma V, Apple DJ, eds. Advances in Ophthalmology. New Delhi, India: Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers; 2003.

38. Pandey SK, Werner L, Apple DJ, et al. Update on twenty first century, cataract-intraocular lens surgery. In: Garg A, Pandey SK, Sharma V, Apple DJ, eds. Advances in Ophthalmology. New Delhi, India: Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers; 2003.

39. Pandey SK, Werner L, Apple DJ. Update on posterior capsule opacification. In: Garg A, Pandey SK, Sharma V, Apple DJ, eds. Advances in Ophthalmology. New Delhi, India: Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers; 2003.

40. Pandey SK, Wilson ME, Werner L, Apple DJ. Pediatric cataract-IOL surgery: past, present and future. In: Garg A, Pandey SK, Sharma V, Apple DJ, eds. Advances in Ophthalmology. New Delhi, India: Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers; 2003.

41. Pandey SK, Werner L, Izak AM, Apple DJ. Update on delayed postoperative opacification of rigid and foldable intraocular lenses: a clinicopathological documentation. In: Garg A, Pandey SK, Sharma V, Apple DJ, eds. Advances in Ophthalmology. New Delhi, India: Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers; 2003.

42. Pandey SK, Werner L, Apple DJ. Viscoanesthetic solution for small incision cataract surgery: experimental studies and clinical applications. In: Garg A, Fry L, Tabin G, et al, eds. Clinical Practice in Small Incision Cataract Surgery. New Delhi, India: Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers; 2003.

43. Werner L, Izak AM, Isaacs RT, Pandey SK, Apple DJ. Evolution and pathology of intraocular lens implantation. In: Yanoff M, Ducker JS, eds. Ophthalmology. St Louis, MO: Mosby-Yearbook; 2003.

44. Pandey SK, Werner L, Apple DJ, Sharma V. Anatomy of human crystalline lens, capsular bag, zonules and its relevance to cataract surgery. In: Garg A, Fry L, Tabin G, Gutierrez-Carmona F, Pandey SK, eds. Clinical Practice in Small Incision Cataract Surgery. New Delhi, India: Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers; 2003.

45. Pandey SK, Werner L, Apple DJ. Posterior capsule opacification. In: Garg A, Fry L, Tabin G, et al, eds. Clinical Practice in Small Incision Cataract Surgery. New Delhi, India: Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers; 2003.

46. Pandey SK, Thakur J, Werner L, Apple DJ. Ophthalmic viscosurgical devices. In: Garg A, Fry L, Tabin G, et al, eds. Clinical Practice in Small Incision Cataract Surgery. New Delhi, India: Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers; 2003.

47. Pandey SK, Werner L, Apple DJ. Capsular dyes for cataract surgery. In: Garg A, Fry L, Tabin G, et al, eds. Clinical Practice in Small Incision Cataract Surgery. New Delhi, India: Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers; 2003.

48. Werner L, Pandey SK, Apple DJ. Postoperative opacification of intraocular lenses. In: Garg A, Fry L, Tabin G, et al, eds. Clinical Practice in Small Incision Cataract Surgery. New Delhi, India: Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers; 2003.

49. Pandey SK, Wilson ME, Werner L, Apple DJ. Pediatric cataract surgery. In: Garg A, Fry L, Tabin G, et al, eds. Clinical Practice in Small Incision Cataract Surgery. New Delhi, India: Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers; 2003:612-619.

50. Pandey SK, Werner L, Apple DJ. Cataract-intraocular lens surgery in 21st century. In: Garg A, Fry L, Tabin G, et al, eds. Clinical Practice in Small Incision Cataract Surgery. New Delhi, India: Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers; 2003.

51. Pandey SK, Werner L, Apple DJ, Wilson ME. Dye-enhanced adult and pediatric cataract surgery. In: Buratto L, Werner L, Zanini M, Apple DJ, eds. Phacoemulsification: Principles and Techniques. Thorofare, NJ: Slack; 2003.

52. Werner L, Apple DJ, Izak AM. Discoloration/opacification of modern foldable hydrogel intraocular lens designs. In: Buratto L, Werner L, Zanini M, Apple DJ, eds. Phacoemulsification: Principles and Techniques. Thorofare, NJ: Slack; 2003.

53. Werner L, Apple DJ, Trivedi RH. Cataract formation after phakic posterior chamber intraocular lens implantation. In: Buratto L, Werner L, Zanini M, Apple DJ, eds. Phacoemulsification: Principles and Techniques. Thorofare, NJ: Slack; 2003.

54. Werner L, Apple DJ, Izak AM. Phakic intraocular lenses: current trends and complications. In: Buratto L, Brint S, eds. Custom LASIK: Surgical Techniques and Complications. Thorofare, NJ: Slack; 2003.

55. Werner L, Apple DJ, Pandey SK. Postoperative proliferation of anterior and equatorial lens epithelial cells. In: Buratto L, Werner L, Zanini M, Apple DJ, eds. Phacoemulsification: Principles and Techniques. Thorofare, NJ: Slack; 2003.

56. Werner L, Apple DJ, Schmidbauer JM. Ideal IOL (PMMA and foldable) for year 2003. In: Buratto L, Werner L, Zanini M, Apple DJ, eds. Phacoemulsification: Principles and Techniques. Thorofare, NJ: Slack; 2003.

57. Pandey SK, Werner L, Apple DJ. Capsular dye-enhanced cataract surgery. In: Nema HV, Nema N, eds. Recent Advances in Ophthalmology. New Delhi, India: Jaypee Brothers; 2002:.

58. Pandey SK, Thakur J, Werner L, et al. The human crystalline lens, ciliary body and zonules: their relevance to presbyopia. In: Agarwal A, ed. Presbyopia: A Surgical Text. Thorofare, NJ: Slack; 2002.

59. Pandey SK, Werner L, Bianchi R, et al. Retinoblastoma. In: Agarwal S, Agarwal A, Apple DJ, et al, eds. Textbook of Ophthalmology. New Delhi, India: Jaypee Brothers; 2002.

60. Werner L, Pandey SK, Escobar-Gomez M, et al. Sympathetic ophthalmia. In: Agarwal S, Agarwal A, Apple DJ, et al, eds. Textbook of Ophthalmology. New Delhi, India: Jaypee Brothers; 2002.

61. Pandey SK, Werner L, Apple DJ. Ophthalmic dyes for adult and pediatric cataract surgery. In: Garg A, Pandey SK, eds. Textbook of Ocular Therapeutics. New Delhi, India: Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers; 2002.

62. Pandey SK, Werner L, Apple DJ. Posterior capsule opacification: etiopathogenesis, clinical manifestations, and management. In: Garg A, Pandey SK, eds. Textbook of Ocular Therapeutics. New Delhi, India: Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers; 2002.

63. Pandey SK, Wilson ME, Apple DJ, et al. Childhood cataract surgical technique, complications and management. In: Garg A, Pandey SK, eds. Textbook of Ocular Therapeutics. New Delhi, India: Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers; 2002.

64. Pandey SK, Agarwal A, Werner L, et al. Evolution of anesthesia for clear corneal phacoemulsification. In: Garg A, Pandey SK, eds. Textbook of Ocular Therapeutics. New Delhi, India: Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers; 2002.

65. Pandey SK, Thakur J, Werner L, et al. Classification, clinical applications and complications of ophthalmic viscosurgical devices: an update. In: Garg A, Pandey SK, eds. Textbook of Ocular Therapeutics. New Delhi, India: Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers; 2002.

66. Bianchi R, Escobar-Gomez M, Pandey SK, et al. Phacomatosis. In: Agarwal S, Agarwal A, Apple DJ, et al, eds. Textbook of Ophthalmology. New Delhi, India: Jaypee Brothers; 2002.

67. Werner LP, Werner L, Pandey SK, Trindade F. Pathophysiology of accommodation and presbyopia. In: Agarwal S, Agarwal A, Apple DJ, et al, eds. Textbook of Ophthalmology. New Delhi, India: Jaypee Brothers; 2002.

68. Bianchi R, Escobar-Gomez M, Pandey SK, et al. Intraocular masquerade syndromes. In: Agarwal S, Agarwal A, Apple DJ, et al, eds. Textbook of Ophthalmology. New Delhi, India: Jaypee Brothers; 2002.

69. Pandey SK, Werner L, Apple DJ. Capsular dye-enhanced cataract surgery: staining of intraocular structures for enhancing visualization during anterior and posterior capsulorhexis and other critical steps of phacoemulsification. In: Nema HV, Nema N, eds. Recent Advances in Ophthalmology. New Delhi, India: Jaypee Brothers; 2002.

70. Escobar-Gomez M, Bianchi R, Werner L, et al. Malignant melanoma of choroid. In: Agarwal S, Agarwal A, Apple DJ, et al, eds. Textbook of Ophthalmology. New Delhi, India: Jaypee Brothers; 2002.

71. Pandey SK, Werner L, Apple DJ, et al. Update on dye-enhanced cataract surgery. In: Chang DF, ed. Hyperguide Online Textbook of Ophthalmology. Thorofare, NJ: Slack; 2001.

72. Werner L, Apple DJ. Complications of Aphakic and Refractive Intraocular Lenses

. Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2001.

73. Werner L, Apple DJ, Pandey SK. Postoperative proliferation of anterior and equatorial lens epithelial cells. In: Buratto L, Osher RH, Masket S, eds. Cataract Surgery in Complicated Cases. Thorofare, NJ: Slack; 2000.

74. Pandey SK, Werner L, Agarwal A. No anesthesia cataract surgery. In: Agarwal S, Agarwal A, Sachdev MS, et al, eds. Phacoemulsification, Laser Cataract Surgery and Foldable IOLs. New Delhi, India: Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers; 2000.

75. Wilson ME, Pandey SK, Werner L, et al. Pediatric cataract surgery: current techniques, complications and management. In: Agarwal S, Agarwal A, Sachdev MS, et al, eds. Phacoemulsification, Laser Cataract Surgery and Foldable IOLs. New Delhi, India: Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers; 2000.

PROFESSIONAL SOCIETY MEMBERSHIPS

  • Brazilian Society of Cataract and Refractive Surgery (BRASCRS)
  • French Society of Ophthalmology (SFO)
  • The Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology (ARVO)
  • American Society of Cataract and Refractive Surgery (ASCRS)
  • European Society of Cataract and Refractive Surgeons (ESCRS)
  • American Academy of Ophthalmology (AAO)
  • International Intra-Ocular Implant Club (IIIC; by vote)

HONORS AND AWARDS

  • Top 100 Most Influential People in the World of Ophthalmology, The Ophthalmologist | 2020
  • Outstanding Female Leader in Ophthalmology Award, MillennialEYE | 2020
  • Top 100 Most Influential People in the World of Ophthalmology, The Ophthalmologist | 2018
  • Research to Prevent Blindness Olga Keith Wiess Scholar | 2003

PAPER AND VIDEO RECOGNITION

  • Third Prize: Innovation, ESCRS/Alcon Annual Video Festival | Werner et al. Induction of hard cataracts in human eyes obtained postmortem for practicing extracapsular cataract extraction and phacoemulsification. (1999)
  • Second Prize: Scientific Value, ESCRS/Alcon Annual Video Festival | Pandey et al. Dye enhanced cataract surgery in human eyes obtained postmortem: a laboratory study to learn critical steps of phacoemulsification. (1999)
  • Second Prize: Scientific Value, ESCRS/Alcon Annual Video Festival | Linnola et al. Immunohistochemistry in pseudophakic human autopsy eyes; the search for mechanisms of the posterior capsule opacification. (2000)
  • ASCRS Best Paper of Session | Werner et al. Late postoperative opacification of 2 hydrophilic acrylic intraocular lenses. (2001)
  • ASCRS Best Paper of Session | Holzer et al. Diffuse lamellar keratitis: Experimental animal model using the rabbit eye. (2001)
  • ASCRS Best Paper of Session | Kaskaloglu et al. Visual outcomes of patients with opacified hydrophilic acrylic IOLs. (2001)
  • First Prize: Intraocular Lenses, ASCRS/Alcon Annual Video Festival | Pandey et al. Interlenticular opacification: clinical and pathologic lessons for management and prevention. (2001)
  • ASCRS First Prize: Cataract | Pandey et al. Interlenticular opacification after piggyback intraocular lens implantation. (2001)
  • Second Prize: Special Cases, ESCRS/Alcon Annual Video Festival | Pandey et al. Interlenticular opacification: clinical and pathologic lessons for management and prevention. (2001)
  • AAO Best of Show | Dewey et al. Cortical removal by J-cannula irrigation to reduce posterior capsule opacification. (2001)
  • Second Prize: Intraocular Lenses, ASCRS/Alcon Annual Video Festival | Pandey et al. Intraocular lens opacification, opacification, opacification. (2002)
  • ASCRS Best Paper of Session | Werner et al. Histological pattern of capsular bag attachment to a single-piece foldable IOL. (2002)
  • Third Prize: Artistic, ESCRS/Alcon Annual Video Festival | Werner et al. Seeing life in blue. (2002)
  • Third Prize: Scientific Value, ESCRS/Alcon Annual Video Festival | Pandey et al. Intraocular lens opacification, opacification, opacification. (2002)
  • ASCRS Best Paper of Session | Werner et al. Anterior chamber and ciliary sulcus diameters of human eyes measured with very-high-frequency ultrasonography in different meridians. (2003)
  • First Prize: Special Interest, Alcon Video Festival, VIII International Congress of Cataract and Refractive Surgery | Werner et al. Six factors for eradication of posterior capsule opacification: clinical and pathological documentation. (2004)
  • ASCRS First Prize: Cataract | Pandey et al. Evaluation of acrylic IOLs used for ultrasmall-incision cataract surgery in human eyes. (2004)
  • First Prize: Intraocular Lenses, ASCRS/Alcon Annual Video Festival | Dewey et al. Cellular proliferation and Soemmering’s ring: the long-term threat to capsule clarity. (2004)
  • Second Prize: Intraocular Lenses, ASCRS/Alcon Annual Video Festival | Dick et al. Foldable capsular rings: the next generation. (2004)
  • First Prize: Innovative, ESCRS/Alcon Annual Video Festival | Dick et al. Foldable capsular rings: the next generation. (2004)
  • AAO/SOE Best of Show | Werner et al. Disclosing the secrets of the storage room. (2004)
  • ASCRS Best Paper of Session | Werner et al. Dystrophic calcification of plate and three-piece silicone IOLs. (2005)
  • ASCRS Best Paper of Session | Werner et al. Toxic anterior segment syndrome (TASS): possible association with ointment in the anterior chamber after phacoemulsification. (2006)
  • First Prize: Refractive Surgery, Alcon Video Festival, XIX International Congress of Cataract and Refractive Surgery | Werner et al. Phakic intraocular lenses: does one size fit all? (2006)
  • First Prize: Special Jury Award, Alcon Video Festival, Eye Advance | Werner et al. Disclosing the secrets of the storage room. (2006)
  • ASCRS Best Paper of Session | Mamalis et al. Spontaneous dislocation of posterior chamber IOLs in the capsular bag. (2007)
  • ASCRS Best Paper of Session | Kamae K et al. Experimental implantation of a new small-incision IOL in human cadaver eyes. (2007)
  • ASCRS Best Paper of Session | Chang et al. Evaluation of the irradiation safety of the Light Adjustable Lens in a rabbit model. (2007)
  • First Prize: Refractive/Corneal Complications, ASCRS/Alcon Annual Video Festival | Tetz et al. Making Verisyse and VeriFlex implantation easy. (2007)
  • Second Prize: Innovation, ESCRS/Alcon Annual Video Festival | Tetz et al. Making Verisyse and VeriFlex implantation easy. (2007)
  • AAO Best of Show | Tetz et al. Making Verisyse and VeriFlex implantation easy. (2007)
  • AAO Best of Show | Mamalis et al. Prevention of posterior capsule opacification: new treatment modalities. (2007)
  • AAO Best Paper of Session | Werner et al. Postoperative optic opacification of silicone IOLs: analyses of 20 explants. (2007)
  • Overall Winner, Videocatarattarefrattiva | Tetz et al. Making Verisyse and VeriFlex implantation easy. (2008)
  • ASCRS Best Paper of Session | Werner et al. Pathological assessment of capsular bag opacification in pseudophakic human eyes obtained postmortem with known implantation dates. (2008)
  • First Prize: Young Ophthalmologists, ESCRS/Alcon Annual Video Festival | Vasavada et al. Visco-dissection during phacoemulsification: a space story. (2008)
  • ASCRS Best Paper of Session | Mamalis et al. Histopathologic analysis of ablation of lens epithelial cells with a laser photolysis system. (2008)
  • AAO Best of Show | Mamalis et al. Endocapsular devices for complicated cataract cases. (2009)
  • AAO Best Paper of Session | Werner et al. Silicone IOL calcification in eyes with asteroid hyalosis. (2009)
  • ASCRS Honorable Mention: Intraocular Surgery, Cataract & Refractive | Werner et al. Calcification of different designs of silicone IOLs in eyes with asteroid hyalosis. (2010)
  • ASCRS Best Paper of Session | Werner et al. In-the-bag capsular tension ring/IOL subluxation or dislocation: pathological evaluation of 20 cases. (2011)
  • ASCRS Best Paper of Session | Mamalis et al. Comparison of capsulotomy strength with and without trypan blue dye using a mechanized model for capsulorhexis resistance to tearing. (2011)
  • ASCRS Best Paper of Session | McIntyre et al. Assessment of single-piece hydrophilic acrylic IOL for sulcus fixation in pseudophakic cadaver eyes. (2011)
  • ASCRS Best Paper of Session | Kavoussi et al. Evaluation of capsular bag opacification with new disc-shaped hydrophilic acrylic IOL in rabbit model. (2011)
  • Third Prize: Scientific Value, ESCRS/Alcon Annual Video Festival | Mamalis et al. Adventures in the investigation of sulcus-fixated/piggyback IOLs. (2011)
  • AAO Best of Show | Crandall et al. The ultrasonic pre-chopper. (2011)
  • AAO Best of Show | Mamalis et al. Adventures in the investigation of sulcus-fixated/piggyback IOLs. (2011)
  • ASCRS Best Paper of Session | Werner et al. Pathological assessment of complications with asymmetric or sulcus fixation of square-edged hydrophobic acrylic IOLs. (2012)
  • First Prize: Education, Alcon Video Festival, XII International Congress of Cataract and Refractive Surgery | Werner et al. The art of pre-chopping: analysis from the Miyake-Apple perspective. (2012)
  • ASCRS Best Paper of Session | Floyd et al. Capsular bag opacification with a new accommodating intraocular lens. (2013)
  • AAO Best Paper of Session | Werner et al. Localized opacification of hydrophilic acrylic intraocular lenses after procedures using intracameral injection of air/gas. (2013)
  • First Prize: Cataract, Alcon Video Festival, XIII International Congress of Cataract and Refractive Surgery | Werner et al. Watch out for the zonules! (2014)
  • ASCRS Honorable Mention: Intraocular Surgery | Werner et al. Light transmittance of cadaver-eye explanted single-piece hydrophobic acrylic IOLs with surface light scattering. (2014)
  • ASCRS Best Paper of Session | Kohl et al. Long-term uveal and capsular biocompatibility of a new accommodating intraocular lens. (2014)
  • ASCRS Best Paper of Session | Ford et al. Long-term uveal and capsular biocompatibility and stability after Nd:YAG laser posterior capsulotomy of a new disc-shaped intraocular lens (IOL). (2014)
  • First Prize: Education, ESCRS/Alcon Annual Video Festival | Werner et al. Watch out for the zonules! (2014)
  • ASCRS Best Paper of Session | Farukhi et al. Evaluation of uveal and capsular biocompatibility of single-piece hydrophobic acrylic lens with UV/ozone treatment on the posterior surface. (2015)
  • ASCRS Best Paper of Session | MacLean et al. Evaluation of stability and capsular bag opacification of a new foldable adjustable IOL. (2015)
  • ASCRS Best Paper of Session | Mamalis et al. Pathologic evidence of pseudoexfoliation in cases of IOL subluxation/dislocation within the capsular bag. (2015)
  • ASCRS First Prize: Cataract Complications | Mamalis et al. Fun with femtosecond lasers. (2015)
  • ASCRS Best Paper of Session | Reiter et al. Assessment of a new hydrophilic acrylic supplementary IOL for sulcus fixation in pseudophakic cadaver eyes. (2016)
  • First Prize: Education, Alcon Video Festival, XIV International Congress of Cataract and Refractive Surgery | Werner et al. A 'little physics' on intraocular lens opacification. (2016)
  • ASCRS First Prize: Instruments & Devices/IOLs | Werner et al. Fun with femtosecond lasers: episode II—adjustment of IOL power. (2017)
  • ASCRS First Prize: Cataract | Mamalis et al. Evaluation of the biocompatibility of intraocular lens power adjustment using a femtosecond laser. (2017)
  • ASCRS Best Paper of Session | Ludlow et al. Long-term biocompatibility of a modular intraocular lens system. (2017)
  • ASCRS Best Paper of Session | Nguyen et al. IOL power adjustment by a femtosecond laser: in vitro evaluation of light scattering, light transmission, and MTF. (2017)
  • First Prize: Innovation, ESCRS/Alcon Annual Video Festival | Werner et al. Fun with femtosecond lasers: episode II – adjustment of IOL power. (2017)
  • AAO Best of Show | Werner et al. Fun with femtosecond lasers: episode II – adjustment of IOL power. (2017)
  • Grand Prize, Alcon Video Festival, XVIII International Congress of Cataract and Refractive Surgery | Werner et al. Principles of refractive index shaping of intraocular lenses with femtosecond laser. (2018)
  • Grand Prize, APACRS Film Festival | Werner et al. Principles of refractive index shaping of intraocular lenses with femtosecond laser. (2018)
  • AAO Best of Show | Werner et al. Principles of refractive index shaping of intraocular lenses with femtosecond laser. (2018)
  • ASCRS Best Paper of Session | Balendiran et al. Localized calcification of hydrophilic acrylic IOLs after posterior segment procedures. (2019)
  • Best Paper of Session Award, ASCRS | Page T et al. A critical examination of predictable CTR action with Miyake-Apple video analysis and strategies to avoid complications. | 2019

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